In this paper, we summarize the results of our long-date research on the genus
En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de nuestras investigaciones de larga fecha en el género
Systematics of
We published a general outline of a classification of the genus in Susanna & Garcia-Jacas (
For subgenera
As regards to the list of species of sect.
On the light of our previous results, we summarize our proposal of a classification for the genus (new sections, subsections and nomenclatural combinations are formally proposed at the end of the article):
Subgenus
Sect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Sect.
Subgenus
Sect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Subgenus
Eastern Mediterranean Clade (EMC)
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Western Mediterranean Clade (WMC)
Sect
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Circum-Mediterranean Clade (CMC)
Sect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
Subsect.
The genus
The pollen of the genus
Genus |
Basic chromosome number |
||
---|---|---|---|
Subgenus |
|||
Sect. |
10, 11 | ||
Sect. |
? | ||
Subgenus |
|||
Sect. |
8, 9, 12 | ||
Sect. |
10, 11 | ||
Subgenus |
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 | ||
East Mediterranean Clade (EMC) | 8, 9, 10 | ||
West Mediterranean Clade (WMC) | 8, 10, 11, 12 | ||
Circum-Mediterranean Clade (CMC) | |||
Sect. |
9 | ||
Sect. |
7, 8 | ||
Sect. |
9 | ||
Sect. |
11 | ||
Sect. |
8, 9 | ||
Sect. |
11 |
This subgenus comprises about 100 species (
The subgenus stands out by its predominantly bright blue flowers, as shown by its most prominent member, the cornflower (
This subgenus corresponds to the
The most distinctive characters of the CMC are also the bract appendages (
All members of sect.
Species of sect.
A few members of sect.
Most important, however, are not the benefits that members of sect.
Section
Delimitation and monophyly of section
Besides the separation of these three subgenera, Dostál (
The morphologically described species of sect.
From the late 1990s onwards, a series of molecular investigations in sect.
As taxonomic treatments within sect.
The following list includes all species of the newly defined section
Sect.
Sect.
Perennial species with heterogamous heads. Cauline leaves linear-spatulathe, sparsely lanuginose. Capitula very small, exactly ovate. Bracts lanuginose; appendages much reduced, triangular, scariose, terminated in a short recurved mucro. All the florets deep purple, the central ones with darker anther-tube, the outer ones sterile, only slightly radiant.
Type and only species:
Annual or perennial species with heterogamous heads. Capitula minute, cylindrical, with only 10-20 florets, the outer ones sterile and radiant. Involucral bracts with orbicular, scariose, lacerate appendages, similar to those of sect.
Stands apart from subsect.
Can be easily set apart from subsect.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
P | Greece |
36 (Matthäs, 1976 as |
+ | ||
|
C | N Black Sea |
|
– | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi |
+ |
Anzalone, 1995; Hilpold |
2 |
|
C | Italy | 18 (Viegi & Cela Renzoni, 1976) | + | ||
|
C | Balkans | 18, 36 (Georgiadis, 1983) | + | 6 | |
|
C | Anatolia, Caucasus | 18 (Bakhshi Khaniki, 1996) | + | 2 | |
|
P | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ | López & Devesa, 2011 | 3 |
|
P | Balkans |
|
– | Phitos & Damboldt, 1971 | |
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ |
Atasagun |
|
|
C | Italy |
|
+ |
Guarino & Rampone, 2006; Hilpold |
|
|
P | Anatolia |
18 |
+ | Duran & Duman, 2002 | |
|
C | Anatolia |
|
+ | ||
|
P | Anatolia |
36 (Uysal |
+ | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi & Cela Renzoni, 1976; Arrigoni |
+ |
Arrigoni, 2003; Hilpold |
10 |
|
P | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | NE Balkans, N and E Black Sea |
32, 36 (Bancheva & Greilhuber, 2006; Kuzmanov |
+ | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis, 1983; Montmollin, 1986) | + | Runemark, 1967; Turland & Chilton, 2000 | |
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
36 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
|
|
C | Italy |
18 (Signorini |
+ | ||
|
P | Italy | – | + |
Brullo |
|
|
C | Greece, W Balkans | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Georgiadis, 1983); 36 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | – | 3 | |
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | ||
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
P | Anatolia, Caucasus, Iran |
18 (Garcia–Jacas |
+ | Armağan. & Ünal, 2009 | |
|
P | Anatolia | – | – | Köse & Alan, 2013 | |
|
C | NE Balkans, N Black Sea |
18 (Bancheva & Greilhuber, 2006, as C. |
– | ||
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
|
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Lovrić, 1982 |
– | ||
|
W | Iberian Peninsula, NW-Africa |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | Blanca & Suárez-Santiago, 2011 | 7 Ib, 1 NA |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 + 2B (Blanca, 1981 |
+ | 2 | |
|
C | N Balkans, N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Greece, NE Balkans | 18 (Georgiadis, 1983) | – | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | + | ||
|
P | Italy | – | + | Brullo, 1988 | |
|
P | Greece, W Balkans | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1977) | + | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi |
+ |
Hilpold |
|
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ | 2 | |
|
P | Italy | – | – |
Caruso |
|
|
P | NE Balkans | 18 (Ciocârlan, 2000, secondary citation!) | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia |
18 (Romaschenko |
+ | Wagenitz, 1972 | |
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | + |
Davis |
|
|
C | Anatolia |
18 (Martın |
+ | Wagenitz, 1972 | 5 |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18+ 0–1B (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
C | Greece |
54 (Trigas |
– | ||
|
C | Caucasus | – | – | ||
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
3 |
|
C | Greece | 18 (Damboldt & Melzheimer, 1974; Georgiadis, 1983) | – | ||
|
P | Greece | 18 (Geogiadis & Phitos, 1977) | + | ||
|
C | Italy | 18, 36 (Cela-Renzoni & Viegi, 1982; Damboldt & Matthäs, 1975) | + |
Hilpold |
2 |
|
P | Greece | 54 (Phitos & Constantinidis, 1993) | + | Phitos & Constantinidis, 1993 | |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
36 + 1B (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | ||
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
36 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
|
|
P | Italy |
36 (Hilpold |
+ | Valsecchi & Filigheddu, 1991 | |
|
C | France | – | + | ||
|
P | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ | López & Devesa, 2011 | |
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy, W Balkans | 36 (Lausi, 1966; Ochsmann, 1999; A. Hilpold unpubl. res.) | + | ||
|
C | W Balkans | 36 (Siljak–Yakovlev, 1980) | + | ||
|
C | Balkans, Anatolia |
18 (Kuzmanov |
+ | 2 | |
|
C | W Balkans |
18 (Lovrić, 1982 |
– | ||
|
C | Greece, W Balkans |
36 (Georgiadis, 1983 as |
– | ||
|
C | Cyprus | – | + |
Meikle, 1985 as |
|
|
P | Libya | 18 (Brullo & Pavone, 1977) | – | Alavi, 1983 | |
|
C | Near-East | – | – | ||
|
W | NW Africa | – | + | ||
|
W | NW Africa | – | + |
Hilpold |
|
|
C | Italy |
18 (Baltisberger, 1990 as |
+ | Guarino & Rampone, 2006 | |
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans |
18 (Strid & Franzen, 1981 as |
– | ||
|
P | Italy |
18 + 0–1B (Matthäs, 1976; Brullo |
+ |
Hilpold |
|
|
P | Greece, W Balkans | 16 (Strid, 1983) | + | Phitos & Damboldt, 1971 | |
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | ||
|
C | NE Mediterranean and Black Sea, introduced to C and W Europe, N and S America, Australia | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Taylor & Taylor, 1977); 16 (Bancheva & Greilhuber, 2006) | + | López & Devesa, 2010 | |
|
P | Italy | 18 (D’Amato & Pavesi, 1990; A. Hilpold unpubl. res.) | + |
Hilpold |
|
|
P | NW Africa | – | – |
Quézel & Santa, 1963 as |
|
|
P | N Black Sea |
36, 18 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | E Mediterranean (Middle East) | – | – | ||
|
P | Anatolia | 36 (Uysal & Köse, 2009) | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans | 36 (Papes & Radić, 1982) | – | ||
|
P | N Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | 18 (Uysal, 2008) | + | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (Raimondo & Bancheva, 2004) | + |
Hilpold |
|
|
P | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (both subsp.; Arrigoni & Mori, 1971) | + | Arrigoni, 1972 | 2 |
|
P | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
P | Iraq | – | – | Wagenitz, 1980 | |
|
C | W Balkans | 36 (Siljak-Yakovlev, 1980) | + | 2 | |
|
C | Iraq | – | – | Wagenitz, 1980 | |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1981 |
+ | ||
|
C | W Balkans | – | – | Micevski, 1985 | |
|
P | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (Raimondo & Spadaro, 2006) | + |
Bancheva |
|
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Siljak-Yakovlev, 1980; Siljak-Yakovlev |
+ | 2 | |
|
C | W Balkans |
18 (Papes & Radić, 1982; Siljak-Yakovlev |
– | ||
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
P | Greece | – | – | Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz, 1983 | |
|
C | Greece, W Balkans | 36 (Strid & Franzen, 1981; Georgiadis, 1983) | + | 4 | |
|
C | Anatolia, Caucasus | 18 (Tonian, 1980) | – | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi |
+ |
Cela-Renzoni & Viegi, 1982; Hilpold |
|
|
C | NW-Mediterranean (Spain, France) |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ | López & Devesa, 2010 | |
|
P | Greece | 18 (Phitos & Damboldt, 1971) | + | Kalpoutzakis & Constantinidis, 2004 | |
|
C | Caucasus | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (Desole, 1954) | + | ||
|
P | Greece | 18, 36 (Damboldt & Melzheimer, 1974; Matthäs, 1976) | – | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (Viegi & Cela Renzoni, 1976) | + | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Strid & Franzen, 1981) | + | ||
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Lovrić, 1982 |
– | ||
|
C | Anatolia, NE Balkans | – | + | ||
|
C | Iran, Iraq | 18 (Bakhshi Khaniki, 1996) | – | Wagenitz, 1980 | 2 |
|
P | Italy | – | + |
Brullo |
|
|
P | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
C | N Balkans | – | – | ||
|
P | Italy |
18 (Tornadore |
+ |
Francini, 1951; Tornadore |
|
|
C | Greece | – | – | Strid & Tan, 2003 | |
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | – | ||
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy, W Balkan | 18 (Lausi, 1966; Siljak-Yakovlev, 1982) | – |
Lovrić, 1971; Marcucci |
6 |
|
C | Anatolia, NE Balkans |
36 (Meriç |
+ |
Aidin |
|
|
P | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans |
36 + 1–5B (Papes & Radić, 1982; Siljak-Yakovlev |
– | ||
|
C | Greece | 36 (Georgiadis, 1983) | – | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | – | ||
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ | 6 | |
|
C | Greece |
36 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Georgiadis, 1981 |
– | ||
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
P | Greece | 18 (Kalpoutzakis & Constantinidis, 2004) | + | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Tornadore |
+ |
Francini, 1951; Tornadore |
|
|
P | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | NW Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy) |
18 (Ochsmann, 1999; López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
Arrigoni, 2003; López & Devesa, 2010; Hilpold |
6 |
|
C | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
2 |
|
C | Italy | – | + | ||
|
P | Greece | 16 (Strid & Franzen, 1981) | + | Georgiadis & Phitos, 1978 | |
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ | ||
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ |
Uysal |
|
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ | ||
|
C | Italy | – | + | Arrigoni & Camarda, 2003 | |
C. |
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | + | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | + | ||
|
P | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Papes & Radić, 1982; Siljak-Yakovlev |
– | ||
|
P | Greece |
18 (Georgiadis |
+ |
Georgiadis |
|
|
W | Iberian Peninsula, NW Africa |
18, 18+1B, 19, 20 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Lovrić, 1982 |
– | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis, 1979) | + | Georgiadis, 1979 | |
|
P | Greece | 18 (Constantinidis & Vassiliades, 1996) | + | Constantinidis & Vassiliades, 1996 | |
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | + | Kalpoutzakis & Constantinidis, 2004 | |
|
P | Italy |
18 (Brullo |
+ |
Tornadore |
|
|
C | Anatolia | – | – |
Davis |
|
C. |
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
W | NW Africa | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | Wagenitz, 1972 | |
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | – | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis, 1983) | – | ||
|
C | Caucasus | 18 (Bakhshi Khaniki, 1996; Tonian, 1980) | – | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | + | ||
|
C | NW Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy) |
18 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ | Arrigoni, 2003; López & Devesa, 2010 | 5 |
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi |
+ |
Hilpold |
|
|
C | NW Africa | – | + |
Quézel & Santa, 1963; Pottier-Alapetite, 1981 as |
|
|
C | Italy | 18 (Colombo & Trapani, 1990) | + |
Guarino & Rampone, 2006; Bancheva |
|
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
W | Iberian Peninsula | – | + | Talavera & Muñoz, 1984 | |
|
P | Greece, W Balkans | 18 + 1B, 36 +1B (Damboldt & Matthäs, 1975; Ochsmann, 2000) | + | Damboldt & Matthäs, 1979; Phitos & Damboldt, 1976 | |
|
P | Greece | 18 (Geogiadis & Phitos, 1977) | – | Geogiadis & Phitos, 1977 | |
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Georgiadis, 1983) | + | ||
|
P | Italy | – | + |
Brullo |
|
|
P | Italy, W Balkans |
18, 36 (Ochsmann, 1999; Lovrić, 1982 |
+ | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | – | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | + |
Uysal |
|
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ | ||
|
C | Greece | 18 (Montmollin, 1986; Routsi & Georgiadis, 1988) | + | Greuter, 1967 | |
|
P | Italy | – | + | Puntillo, 1996 | |
|
C | Aegean Sea |
18 (Garcia-Jacas |
+ |
Uysal |
|
|
W | NW Africa | – | + | 2 | |
|
C | Greece | – | – |
Rechinger, 1974; Tan |
|
|
P | Greece | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1977) | + | ||
|
P | N Black Sea |
18 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
P | N Black Sea | – | + | ||
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
P | Greece | – | + | Wagenitz, 1971 | |
|
P | N Black Sea |
18 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
C | N Black Sea |
18 (Probatova |
+ | ||
|
P | Greece | – | – | Phitos & Damboldt, 1976 | |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ |
Blanca, 1980 |
|
|
C | W Balkans |
27+1B, 36 (Papes & Radić, 1982; Siljak-Yakovlev |
– | ||
|
C | Syria | – | – | Wagenitz, 1981 | |
|
C | N Balkans |
18 (Jasievicz & Mizienty, 1975, as |
– | ||
|
W | Iberian Peninsula, NW-Africa |
18 (Blanca, 1981 |
+ | Blanca & Suárez-Santiago, 2011 | 2 |
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1981 |
+ |
Blanca, 1981 |
|
|
C | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | S and NE Balkans |
18+0–1B (Damboldt & Melzheimer, 1974; Georgiadis, 1983; Kuzmanov |
– | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Bancheva |
+ |
Raimondo |
|
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Blanca, 1980 |
+ |
Blanca, 1980 |
|
|
C | E Balkans | – | – | Bancheva & Raimondo, 2013 | |
|
P | N Black Sea |
36 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
P | Italy | – | – |
Brullo |
|
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy | 18 (Anzalone, 1961) | + |
Hilpold |
|
|
C/P | Iberian Peninsula |
36 (López & Devesa, 2008 |
+ |
López & Devesa, 2008 |
|
|
P | Italy | – | + |
Brullo |
|
|
W | Iberian Peninsula |
18 (Boscaiu |
+ 1 | ||
|
P | N Black Sea |
36 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | – | Doğan & Duran, 2009 | |
|
C | Italy | 18 (Raimondo & Spadaro, 2008) | – |
Raimondo & Spadaro, 2008; Bancheva |
|
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | ||
|
C | Anatolia |
18 (Bal |
+ | Wagenitz, 1974 | |
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | W Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Aegean Sea | 36 (Runemark, 1967; Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976) | + | Runemark, 1967 | |
|
C | W Balkans |
36 (Lovrić, 1982 |
+ | ||
|
P | N Black Sea |
18 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Europe, except Ib. Pen., introduced to N and S America |
18, 36 (Lovrić, 1982 |
+ |
Manifold, partly published as |
2 |
|
P | Greece, NE Balkans | 18+ 2B, 36 + 4B (Phitos & Damboldt, 1971; Matthäs, 1976) | + | ||
|
C | Greece |
18 (Constantinidis |
– | ||
|
C | N Balkans |
18 [Sz.–Borsos, 1971 as |
– | ||
|
P | Italy |
18 (Brullo |
+ | ||
|
P | Italy | – | + | ||
|
C | Italy | 18, 36 (Peruzzi & Cesca, 2002) | + | Guarino & Rampone, 2006 | |
|
C | Greece |
18 (Georgiadis, 1981 |
– | ||
|
C | Greece | 36 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Georgiadis, 1983) | – | 2 | |
|
C | Italy, NW Balkans |
36 (Lovrić, 1982; Marcucci |
+ | ||
|
C | W Balkans | – | – | Micevski, 1985 | |
|
P | NW Africa |
18 (Benamara |
+ | ||
|
P | Caucasus | – | – | 3 | |
|
C | Balkans | – | + | ||
|
C | Anatolia |
54 (Martın |
+ |
Vural |
|
|
C | Balkans | 18 (Georgiadis, 1983) | + | 2 | |
|
C?2 | Anatolia | – | + |
Wagenitz |
|
|
C | Switzerland, Italy | 18 (Ochsmann, 1999) | + | Ochsmann, 2000 | |
|
P | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
P | N Black Sea |
36, 18 (Romaschenko |
+ | ||
|
C | N Balkans, introduced elsewhere |
18 (Ochsmann, 1999 as |
– | ||
|
C | NE Balkans | – | – | ||
|
C | Italy |
18 (Viegi |
+ |
Cela-Renzoni, 1970; Hilpold |
|
|
C | Greece | – | – | ||
|
W | NW Africa | – | . | ||
|
C | E Europe and W Asia, alien in WC Europe and N America |
36 (Ghaffari & Chariat–Panahi, 1985; Martın |
+ | Wagenitz, 1972 | 2 |
|
C | W Balkans |
18, 36 + 6B (Siljak-Yakovlev |
– | ||
|
P | Anatolia |
18 (Uysal |
+ | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | +3 |
Wagenitz |
|
|
C | Greece | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | 18 (Özaydyn, 2007) | + | Sozen & Ozaydin, 2010 | |
|
C | N Black Sea | – | – | ||
|
C | Anatolia | – | + |
Wagenitz & Hellwig, 1996 |
|
|
C | Anatolia | – | + | Wagenitz, 1974 | |
|
C | Greece, W Balkans | 18 (Georgiadis & Phitos, 1976; Georgiadis, 1983) | + | ||
1 In Suárez-Santiago |
Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2007-60781/BOS and CGL2010-18631/BOS) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (