Two small
The modified CTAB protocol of Tel-Zur
Amplification reactions of ITS and
Contiguous sequences were assembled using Geneious v7.0.6 (Biomatters, New Zealand). Automatic alignments were carried with MAFFT (
The global distribution of
Voucher specimens for
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BR0000013236847 | KT737723 | KT737730 | Flanders, Belgium |
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BR0000009721166 | KT737724 | KT737731 | Louisiana, USA |
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BR0000013234409 | KT737725 | KT737732 | Lleida, Spain |
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BR0000013236830 | KT737726 | KT737733 | Flanders, Belgium |
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BR0000013234225 | KT737727 | KT737734 | Berlin, Germany |
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BR0000013498894 | KT737728 | KT737735 | Texas, USA |
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BR0000013234621 | KT737722 | KT737729 | Pennsylvania, USA |
Compared to
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Stem usually single and erect, but older plants often toppling and decumbent; not rooting at the nodes; at the base often with green or reddish ground-level or white underground rhizomes | Stem usually single and erect when young. Older plants often bushy, with several erect stems arising at short distances from either prostrate aboveground or horizontal underground stems that often root |
Stems few to numerous, radiating from a central taproot. Stems decumbent or, especially in var. |
Stems few to numerous, radiating from a central taproot. Stems procumbent and freely rooting at the nodes or, occasionally, decumbent and then more sparsely rooting at the nodes |
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Sparsely to, less often, densely hairy, sometimes almost glabrous; long, patent, septate hairs usually present (if not, then such hairs typically present on the pedicels); often mixed with some short, curved, whitish, unicellular hairs |
Usually rather densely, but sometimes only sparsely covered with |
Usually moderately densely covered with whitish nonseptate hairs, some patent, some appressed, most of them curled | |
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Green, sometimes with a tinge of purple, especially at the underside. The rarely cultivated var. |
Green, sometimes suffused with purple, especially at the underside of the leaves |
Green or purple; if purple, leaflets often with a green midrib. Usually smaller in var. |
Usually green; purple-leaved plants very rare among exotics introduced in Europe. Usually smaller than those of the other species |
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Seemingly absent (no free membranous part visible) |
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Present and well developed; at least some stipules widened into a triangular auricle in the apical part ( |
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Alternate and clearly distanced, each with an axillary peduncle | ||
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Usually without markings, but sometimes with fine red stripes (these mostly tiny and few) |
With or without markings. If present: each petal with 3-4 thin red stripes (var. |
Never (?) with fine red stripes or an orange band | |
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Typically all stamens (five long and five short) with anthers, but quite often one or more of the short ones with somewhat less well-developed or completely aborted anthers | Typically the 5 long stamens with and the 5 short stamens without anthers; not uncommonly, however, 1 or more of the short stamens with a poorly developed anther | ||
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Flowers in regular or irregular, often umbelliform cymes | Flowers most often in umbelliform cymes | Flowers in umbelliform or sometimes irregular cymes | 1-flowered, very rarely 2-flowered |
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Erect |
Erect during flowering, |
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Usually sparsely hairy with long, patent, septate hairs, sometimes mixed with a few short hairs; less often densely hairy or glabrate. Typically most capsules at least 10 mm long | Densely hairy with short, whitish, retrorse hairs, usually mixed with at least some long, patent, septate, hyaline hairs. Typically most capsules >12 mm long (often >20 mm) |
Usually densely hairy with short, whitish, retrorse hairs; long, patent, septate, hyaline hairs zero to numerous. Typically most capsules >10 mm long, sometimes shorter (especially in var. |
Usually densely hairy with short retrorse hairs, often mixed with a few to numerous patent, septate hairs. Capsules typically <10 mm long, with <4 seeds per cell |
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Usually uniform brown; ridges rarely with ill-defined paler patches or stripes |
Brown, with |
Usually brown, but not infrequently with paler, vaguely defined dots or lines on the ridges | Usually uniform brown |
In the specimen from Lleida the narrow stipules and antrorse stem hairs are present as typical for
The DNA barcode sequences of the Lleida specimens were compared to an
The results demonstrate the presence of
It is unlikely that these are the only two sites of
Many thanks to C. Noya Santos and J. L. Fernández of the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid for supplying an image of the Barcelona specimen. Thanks to I. Van der Beeten for taking photographs of the specimens. The specimen collected in Lleida was done so at a workshop organized by the EU-BON project (