COLLBOT Collectanea Botanica Collect. Bot. 1989-1067 0010-0730 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España 10.3989/collectbot.2024.v43.0003 collectbot.2024.v43.0003 Artículos On the occurrence of Oxybasis rubra (Amaranthaceae) in Sardinia, with notes on Chenopodium blitoides and C. humile Sobre la presencia de Oxybasis rubra (Amaranthaceae) en Cerdeña, con notas sobre Chenopodium blitoides y C. humile Oxybasis rubra in Sardinia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-7568 Iamonico Duilio Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Methodology Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing 1 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7508-1682 Mereu Giuliano Investigation Writing - review & editing Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome piazzale Aldo Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy Author for correspondence: D. Iamonico duilio.iamonico@uniroma1.it

Editor: L. Sáez

Via Alghero 17, I-08042 Bari Sardo (NU), Italy

 30 12 2024 30 12 2024 43 e003 Received 07 01 2024 accepted 07 02 2024 published on line 27 05 2025 © 2024 CSIC 2024 CSIC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Abstract

As part of an ongoing study on the genus Chenopodium s. l., 20 populations of Oxybasis rubra var. rubra were discovered in Sardinia, representing a confirmation of this taxon in the Mediterranean Island. In fact, based on literature, O. rubra was differently indicated in Sardinia over the time as occurring, doubtful or absent. Morphological characters, as well as ecological and chorological data are given. Nomenclatural notes about the names C. blitoides and C. humile are provided and neotypifications were proposed using specimens preserved, respectively, at the Herbaria BR and K.

 Resumen

Como parte de los estudios en curso del género Chenopodium s. l., se descubrieron 20 poblaciones de Oxybasis rubra var. rubra en Cerdeña, representando una confirmación de este taxon para la flora de la isla. De hecho, según la literatura, O. rubra fue indicada de manera diferente en Cerdeña a lo largo del tiempo como presente, dudosa o ausente. Se dan caracteres morfológicos, así como datos ecológicos y corológicos. Se proporcionan notas nomenclaturales sobre los nombres C. blitoides and C. humile, y se proponen neotipificaciones utilizando especímenes conservados, respectivamente, en los herbarios BR y K.

 Amaranthaceae Italy Oxybasis Oxybasis rubra var. humile synonymy typification Amaranthaceae Italia Oxybasis Oxybasis rubra var. humile sinónimia tipificación INTRODUCTION

The genus Oxybasis Kar. & Kir. (Amaranthaceae s. l. sensu APGIII, 2009; APGIV, 2016) was restored as a separate genus from Chenopodium L. based on morphological and molecular data by Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012; see also Hernández-Ledesma et al., 2015), and it currently contains ca. 13 species, classified in five sections (Mosyakin, 2013, 2018). Oxybasis is nowadays widely accepted by many authors (e.g. Mosyakin, 2013; Sukhorukov et al., 2013, 2015; Verloove, 2013; Iamonico, 2014; Sukhorukov, 2014; Mereďa, 2016).

Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch is naturally distributed in the northern temperate hemisphere (POWO, 2024). It is a morphological variable species that has often misidentified as O. chenopodioides (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (see e.g. Iamonico, 2014).

Uotila (2011) recorded Oxybasis rubra in most of the European countries (including Sardinia) on the basis of the Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora by Conti et al. (2005). Also Pignatti (1982), in the first edition of Flora d’Italia, and Mossa et al. (2004) reported this species as occurring in the island. Arrigoni (2006) in his Flora dell’Isola di Sardegna listed it as doubtful species for the island. Iamonico (2017) reported the species as erroneusly recorded in Sardinia. Both the subsequent updating to the Italian flora (Conti et al., 2007), the detailed study on the aggregate Oxybasis rubra/chenopodioides by Iamonico (2014), and the recent new Italian Checklist (Bartolucci et al., 2018; see also Portal of Flora of Italy, 2024) considered O. rubra as not included in the regional flora being recorded in the past as a mistake. POWO (2024) does not record O. rubra in Sardinia.

As part of an ongoing study on Chenopodium s. l. (e.g. Iamonico, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2019; Iamonico et al., 2015, 2022; Mosyakin & Iamonico, 2017; Iamonico & Mosyakin, 2018, 2020; Iamonico & El Mokni, 2019), field surveys carried out during the last years in Sardinia allowed us to find some populations referable to Oxybasis rubra, a discover which represents a confirmation of the species in the Island. Based on the literature review, the names Chenopodium blitoides Lej., which is currently considered so by almost all the literature consulted as synonym of Oxybasis rubra, and C. humile Hook., which is currently accepted as a good taxon at variety rank of C. rubrum or O. rubra [C. rubrum var. humile (Hook.) S. Watson, or O. rubra var. humilis (Hook.) S. Mosyakin; see e.g. Clemants & Mosyakin, 2003; Mosyakin, 2013] need to be clarified, and they are also investigated in the present paper.

 MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present work is based on a review of the relevant literature (e.g. Pignatti, 1982; Arrigoni, 2006; Iamonico, 2014; Portal of Flora of Italy, 2024; POWO 2024), floristic surveys, and checking and examination of material preserved at BR, CAG, FI, K, LINN, and RO (acronyms according to Thiers, 2024 [continuously updated]), and in the personal Herbarium Giuliano Mereu (not listed in Index Herbariorum). The articles cited throughout the text follow the Shenzen Code (Turland et al., 2018, hereafter reported as “ICN”). The description of the species is based on plants collected in Sardinia.

 RESULTS <italic toggle="yes"> <bold>Chenopodium blitoides</bold> </italic>

Chenopodium blitoides was described by Lejeune (1811: 126) who provided a diagnosis and the provenance (“Se trouve dans le fossés des fortification de la ville de Maastricht”).

According to Stafleu & Cowan (1979: 830), Lejeune’s collection is preserved at BR. Lejeune’s herbarium was in fact acquired, after his death, in 1871, by the Jardin botanique de Bruxelles (now Botanic Garden Meise; herbarium BR) (see Verloove, 2017). Most of Lejeune’s specimens, however, only bear a name in Lejeune’s handwriting, without indication of date and/or locality. Hence, there seems to be no extant material that doubtlessly was at Lejeune’s disposal when he described taxa between 1811 and 1824 (Verloove, 2017). Only one specimen of Chenopodium blitoides was found at BR (barcode BR1-190-092), and it bears two plants and the following two original labels: “Blitum rubrum | DC. prodr. t. 13 p. 2 p. 87 | HERB. HORT. BRUXELL. | Coll. LEJEUNE”, and “Chenopodium | Blitum rubrum var. blitoides | fl. fr. | DC. prodr. t. 13 p. 2 p. 87 | HERB. HORT. BRUXELL. | Coll. LEJEUNE”. Since both the dates and localities of collection are lacking, this specimen cannot be considered as part of the original material with certainty and is not eligible as lectotype (Arts. 9.3 and 9.4 of ICN). A neotypification is therefore necessary (Art. 9.8 of ICN). BR1-190-092 is here designated as the neotype of the name Chenopodium blitoides.

On the basis of the current concept in Oxybasis (e.g. Akeroyd, 1993; Clemants & Mosyakin, 2003; Iamonico, 2014, 2017), BR1-190-092 is identifiable as O. rubra var. rubra and Chenopodium blitoides is a heterotypic synonym.

 <italic toggle="yes"> <bold>Chenopodium humile</bold> </italic>

Hooker (1838: 127) proposed Chenopodium humile to describe small forms of Chenopodium from Saskatchewan (“Saskatchawan” is reported in the protologue), an administrative province of South Canada.

According to Stafleu & Cowan (1979: 283), Hooker’s collection is preserved at K, where we traced one specimen (barcode K000898463, on the right of the sheet), which is pinned with further two collections (barcodes K000898462 and K000898464; image of the sheet at https://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/544064.jpg). K000898463 is linked to the label “Chenop. humile | Saskatchewan | Drummond” and matches Hooker’s diagnosis. Hooker (1838) did not indicate any collector in the protologue. However, note that “Drummond” was reported just above in Flora boreali-americana (same and previous pages of the protologue of C. humile) as collector of other Chenopodium species, i.e. C. calceliforme Hook. (Saskatchewan was not reported among the localities of this species), C. rubrum L. (“Hab. About the Saskatchewan. Drummond”), C. urbicum L. (“Hab. ... Saskatchewan ... Drummond”), and C. glaucum L. (Saskatchewan was not reported among the localities of this species). So, we can presume that Drummond could be also the collector of C. humile. Despite this, since the date of collection is lacking in K000898463, we cannot be sure that the plant was an ante-1838 addition to the collection, and we prefer to consider this specimen as not part of the original material used by Hooker to describe C. humile. All things considered, no specimen useful for a lectotypification purpose was traced, a neotype should be designated (Art. 9.8 of ICN). K000898463 is here designated as the neotype of the name Chenopodium humile.

The taxon humile has been treated at different ranks during the time (from species to variety and form), whereas in other cases it was not recognized at all. According to Clemants & Mosyakin (2003), Hooker’s species is native in NW-America and introduced to East, while Brouillet et al. (2010) reported it in Canada as native in Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Yukon. Waiting for further investigations on this taxon, we here accept it at variety rank according to Clemants & Mosyakin (2003).

 <bold>Occurrence in Sardinia of <italic toggle="yes">Oxybasis rubra</italic> var. <italic toggle="yes">rubra</italic> </bold>

Twenty populations of Oxybasis rubra var. rubra were found in three Administrative Units of Sardinia [Metropolitan City of Cagliari (localities: Colostrai and Torre Salinas, and S. Giovanni), Province of Nuoro (Cala Gonone-Dorgali, Gairo, Scogliera di Punta su Mastixi-Bari Sardo, Su Sirboni), and Province of South Sardinia (Nuraghe Murtas-Muravera)] along the western coast (Fig. 1). In these sites, the plants are grouped in small populations (less than 30 individuals per population). They thrive in diverse habitats, encompassing salt marshes, sea shores (Fig. 2A), pond banks, human-made environments such as roadsides or anthroposols formed from the accumulation of various materials, and even basaltic rocky areas (Fig. 2B), as observed at one site. As highlighted by Iamonico (2014: 290), Oxybasis rubra has wider ecological demands than O. chenopodioides. Oxybasis rubra occurs in both natural and synanthropic habitat, which are characterized respectively by soils humid and not, whereas O. chenopodioides colonizes habitats with a seasonal cycle of submersion (mainly during the winter, with rain) and emersion (during the summer and autumn) (see Iamonico, 2014: 287)].

No specimen identifiable as Oxybasis rubra were traced at CAG, which is the main Sardinian herbarium.

Distribution map of <italic toggle="yes">Oxybasis rubra</italic> var. <italic toggle="yes">rubra</italic> in Sardinia (red dots). Zoomed maps (A-D), refer to white rectangles occurring in the central map (Sardinia island). <italic toggle="yes">Oxybasis rubra</italic> var. <italic toggle="yes">rubra</italic>: (A), shores (two individuals); (B), basaltic rocky habitat (one population, white ellipse) [photos by G. Mereu]. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, Willdenowia 42: 15 (2012) var. rubra ≡ Chenopodium rubrum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 218 (1753) ≡ Blitum rubrum (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2(1): 582 (1832).

Type (designated by Uotila, 1993): Herb. Linnaeus 313.5 (lectotype LINN!, image available at http://linnean-online.org/3079/).

= Chenopodium blitoides Lej., Fl. Spa 1: 126 (1811).

Neotype (designated here): Belgium, Liège, Spa, s.d., A.L.S. Lejeune s.n. (BR1-190-092!). Fig. 3.

Neotype of the name <italic toggle="yes">Chenopodium blitoides</italic> Lej. (BR1-190-092!).

Description: annual herbaceous (therophyte), with herbaceous smell, 20−100 cm tall. Stem glabrous (slightly farinose along the inflorescence), more or less branched (branches erect, irregularly ribbed), green to red. Leaves green to dark-green, slightly shiny, petiolate (petiole 5−45 mm long), with blades green to red (especially at the apex), slightly fleshy, ovate-rhomboidal (2.5−6.0 × 50−80 mm, reduced in size towards the distal part of the plant), margin irregularly dentate (2−3 acute teeth per side), base cuneate. Flowers grouped in not fleshy glomerules; glomerules arranged in spike-like structures each subtended by one bract-like leaf; tepals five, connate only at the base, keeled at maturity (keeled only in the distal part when young), rounded at the apex, green (red in the distal part at maturity), sparsely farinose. Fruits each with one seed, discoidal (diameter 1.2−1.5 mm), slightly wrinkled or punctulate, blackish to brown.

Flowering time: February−April.

Specimina Visa Selecta: Italia, Puglia: Taranto, Lungomare Vittorio Emanuele III, muri e bordi di aree pedonali, 7 m, 14.IV.2013, leg. T. Dura, det. D. Iamonico & T. Dura (FI). Sardegna: Cagliari, Muravera, stagno di Colostrai, sponda orientale dello stagno con prevalente prateria di Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L., 39.353460° N, 9.593219° E (WGS84), 1 m a.s.l., 14.III.2015, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (RO, Herb. Mereu); Cagliari, Muravera, spiaggia di S. Giovanni, parte alta della spiaggia e area sabbiosa limitrofa, 39.396119° N, 9.611084° E (WGS84), 2 m a.s.l., 14.III.2015, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (RO); Ogliastra, Bari Sardo, loc. Su Mastixi, scogliera basaltica, 39.853782° N, 9.695387° E (WGS84), 3 m a.s.l., 02.V.2015, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (RO); Nuoro, Dorgali, Porto di Cala Gonone, terrapieno del molo settentrionale, 40.283899°N, 9.639155°E (WGS84), 3 m a.s.l., 23.V.2015, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (Herb. Mereu); Cagliari, Muravera, Nuraghe Murtas, bordo di strada sterrata presso stagno salmastro, 39.406794° N, 9.603177° E (WGS84), 3 m a.s.l., 10.I.2016, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (Herb. Mereu); Nuoro, Ogliastra, Gairo, Spiaggia di Coccorrocci, bordo di macchia mediterranea retrodunale, 39.728981° N, 9.674510° E (WGS84), 5 m a.s.l., 15.IV.2018, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (Herb. Mereu); Cagliari, Muravera, Spiaggia di Colostrai, bordo di strada sterrata presso depressione retrodunale salsa, 39.361214° N, 9.597575° E (WGS84), 3 m a.s.l., 28.IV.2018, leg. G. Mereu, det. G. Mereu & D. Iamonico (Herb. Mereu).

Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, Willdenowia 42: 15 (2012) var. humilis (Hook.) S. Mosyakin, Phytoneuron 56: 1-8 (2013) ≡ Chenopodium humile Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 127 (1838).

Neotype (designated here): Canada, Saskatchewan, s.d., T. Drummond s.n. K000898463! [plant on the right of the sheet], image available at https://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/544064.jpg).

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks are due to Directors and Curators of all quoted Herbaria for their support during our visits or loan of specimens/photographs. Special thanks to F. Verloove (Herbarium BR) for the permission to reproduce the image of the neotype of Chenopodium blitoides and to the anonymous reviewers for the useful comments and suggestions which improved the manuscript.

Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4—Call for tender no. 3138 of December 16, 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of December 18, 2021, of Italian Ministry of University, and Research funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU. Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of June 17, 2022, adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP B83C22002950007, Project title “National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC”.

 AUTHORSHIP CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT

Duilio Iamonico: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Giuiano Mereu: Investigation, Writing - review & editing.

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