Evaluación de la diversidad de plantas de sotobosque en plantaciones de pino Szemao (<i>Pinus kesiya</i> var. <i>langbianensis</i>) en Yunnan, China

H. F. Wang; M. V. Lencinas; C. Ross Friedman; Z. X. Zhu; J. X. Qiu

doi:10.3989/collectbot.2012.v31.005

Autores/as

H. F. Wang Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
M. V. Lencinas Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) – CONICET
C. Ross Friedman Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University
Z. X. Zhu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany
J. X. Qiu Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2012.v31.005

Palabras clave:

arbustos, bosques secundarios perennifolios, diversidad de plantas, especies amenazadas, hierbas, tierras de cultivo abandonadas

Resumen

La sostenibilidad es un objetivo clave para la gestión tanto de bosques naturales como de plantaciones, mientras que los estudios sobre biodiversidad constituyen herramientas muy útiles para mejorar la conservación de especies amenazadas. El pino Szemao (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis) es un árbol nativo de China que se usa en plantaciones. Este estudio evalúa la diversidad del sotobosque en plantaciones de pino Szemao (SP) y otros tipos de vegetación local, como bosques secundarios perennifolios (SE) y tierras de cultivo abandonadas (AF), en la provincia de Yunnan, China. El muestreo se realizó en tres rangos altitudinales, y se evaluó riqueza y cobertura de hierbas y arbustos además de factores ambientales. En general, la riqueza promedio y la diversidad de Shannon-Wiener fueron mayores en SE que en SP, y a su vez que en AF, mientras que la equitatividad tendió a ser mayor en SP. Asimismo, dichos índices tendieron a aumentar con la altitud en SP y AF, aunque en SE fueron mayores a altitudes bajas y medias. La inclusión de factores ambientales resaltó las diferencias entre rangos altitudinales, siendo el contenido de agua (en el estrato herbáceo) y el tipo de suelo (en el estrato arbustivo) las variables más significativas. Las plantaciones de pino Szemao en Yunnan afectan al sotobosque, encontrándose pocas especies raras o amenazadas en su interior. Las reservas naturales y los transplantes podrían ser una alternativa para proteger a las especies amenazadas si se llevan a cabo anticipadamente a las plantaciones.

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