Revisión de las influencias de los insectos minadores de hojas en sus plantas huésped

W. H. Liu; X. H. Dai; J. S. Xu

doi:10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.005

Autores/as

W. H. Liu Leafminer Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GanNan Normal University
X. H. Dai Leafminer Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GanNan Normal University - National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center
J. S. Xu Leafminer Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GanNan Normal University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.005

Palabras clave:

ecología química, interacciones interespecíficas, resistencia a plagas

Resumen

Los insectos minadores de hojas son un grupo de herbívoros cuyas larvas viven y se alimentan del interior de las hojas. Lo que denominamos minas son las diferentes marcas que quedan en las hojas y que pueden proporcionar valiosa información acerca de las relaciones planta-insecto. La mayoría de minadores son monófagos u oligófagos. Los ecólogos y paleontólogos los usan para estudiar las interacciones y la coevolución entre plantas, insectos y sus enemigos naturales. Existen numerosos tipos de patrones de minas en las hojas, que pueden producir diferentes impactos en la planta hospedadora. Si los comparamos con los insectos ectófagos, los minadores de hojas pueden tener una influencia muy característica en numerosos aspectos de la planta hospedadora, como por ejemplo la morfología y la química foliar, la fisiología de la planta y su crecimiento y producción. Entre los impactos más evidentes, podemos nombrar asimetría foliar, formación de callos, fotosíntesis e «islas verdes». La tipología y el gravedad de estos impactos varían según en tipo de insecto minador y de planta hospedadora. Además, los cambios funcionales que se producen en la planta hospedadora pueden a su vez tener efectos positivos o negativos en la oviposición y la alimentación de los minadores. El estudio de los mecanismos de defensa de la planta hospedadora para combatir a los minadores puede resultar de gran utilidad para entender la coevolución entre ambos organismos.

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